The charm of silk has seduced humanity for thousands of years. Glare, wide range of color and texture of this fabric is excellent – the most friendly of all. Silk fabric is produced naturally or artificially. There are four types of natural silk is available at About tasar, mulberry, Muga and the IRA. However, the growing demand for natural silk caused a pressure to find alternatives to silk. The four sources of natural silk seem unable to meet growing demand. Now, this is a question important – Are there other available source for natural silk? The answer is "YES", "spider silk". It is true that Ting and ignored irritating insects can produce silk fibers well.

Spider silk is a fiber extracted from the spiders. There is a strong fiber, or its tensile strength steel compared. The tensile strength of a type of steel to 1.65 GPa, while the spider silk is about 1.3 GPa. However, the density of spider silk less than steel and its tensile strength to density is about five times more than steel, Kevlar and DuPont nylon filament aromatic

Structure spider silk
In a distinctive fiber, there are areas with amorphous crystalline links. These sectors are beta-sheets of glass, which are as a whole. Spider silk is very flexible and can stretch up to 40 percent of its original length without breaking problems. The result is a high ductility. Liquid crystal spinning spider silk is similar the aromatic nylon.

Spider silk is made of complex protein molecules. Spider can be grown, such as silkworms, because are cannibals. Because such is eaten. The extracted silk is very thin, so spiders web of 400 square meters are needed. The fiber hardens when exposed air, which creates a problem for the job. Because the symptoms of repetitive DNA coding, it is difficult to recognize its sequence. Only 14 species of protein has been deciphered.

Although the different protein sequences are at different common structure of spider silk is an amino acid sequence, that self-assembled into a group of beta sheet. Ala-rich blocks are characterized by segments of amino acid side groups heavier. The beta sheets together to make crystals, on the other hand, other sectors makes the amorphous areas. The interaction between crystalline and amorphous regions segments the results of the elastic properties spider silk exclusively.

Origin of the spider silk

The gland releases silk fibers. Different species of spiders have glands different in its own right in the web creation, housing, prey capture and defense. The visible part of the gland is known as the chain. The initial part of the gland is full of thiol and tyrosine, the key ingredients of the silk fiber. After the fiber, the light bulb RPG a storage area. Here, sweeps took the spinning fiber and small runoff channels also contribute to this process. Liquid separation is performed on the eve of distal branch of the duct and also passes through the valve. The valve is provided to assist in determining fiber beaten again, playing more in the way of a pump propeller.

The artificial spider silk

Usually you can not use spiders to produce spider silk in large quantities to meet industrial demand, it is difficult to handle the huge spiders. Measures were taken in extracting the gene for spider silk and the use of other options to make the necessary amount of spider silk. In 2000, a Canadian biotech company Nexia has ensured that the protein of spider silk in goats.

These goats keep the protein gene of spider silk, and dairy products contained considerable amounts of the protein. However, trials have failed to turn the protein into an equivalent of the spider silk fiber.

The chain of the spider is able to turn the silk proteins in safe areas. In particular, the network allows an inclination of the protein concentration, pH and the resulting pressure mixture of proteins by transitions liquid crystal, resulting in the creation of the structure of the silk needed. Mimicking this process in the laboratory has been very difficult. Nexia tried to mimic this process pressing the protein solution through small holes, trial, however, was not effective in managing fibers properly.

Applications spider silk

Recent research on spider silk is its potential use as an extremely strong and versatile. Interest in the production Spider silk is mainly a mixture of both, mechanical properties and clean option. The making of the man last acts, such as fiber Dupont Kevlar petrochemicals are the results of mass contamination. Moreover, the production of spider silk is completely environmentally friendly, produced by spiders, at normal temperature, pressure and the water unpolluted. In addition, spider silk is fully biodegradable. If production increases spider silk, which will replace May and Kevlar can be used in the range of products including body armor, wear light-resistant caps, nets, belts security, parachutes, rust free panels in motor vehicles or boats, bio-degradable bottles and medical supplies.

Conclusion

Spider silk has posed a challenge for open scientific engineer, Spinner and Weaver to manage its growth and become familiar with the inherent powers of a spider to make silk thread.

Reference

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